Despite government warnings of a severe shortage of heating fuels, most citizens continue to turn up their home thermostats in the belief that their personal fuel consumption will have little effect on the country's total fuel reserves. This reaction best illustrates the dynamics of:___.
a. the bystander effect.
b. the fundamental attribution error.
c. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
d. the just world phenomenon.
e. a social trap.