Fetal circulation plays a critical role in fetal development. Which of the following accurately describes fetal circulation?
a) Oxygenated blood is carried in the umbilical veins
b) The foramen ovale connects the right and left ventricles
c) Fetal heart rate typically exceeds 200 beats per minute
d) The ductus venosus bypasses the liver and directs blood to the inferior vena cava