As noted in your text, What was the result when some of the world's most ethical companies were compared to the S P 500 index on a profitability measure?
1) The firms that were identified as ethical were more profitable initially, but then showed a pattern of declining profitability compared to the mix of companies included in the S P 500 index.
2) The firms that were identified as ethical were significantly less profitable on the whole than the mix of companies included in the S P 500 index.
3) The firms that were identified as ethical were more profitable on the whole than the mix of companies included in the S P 500 index.
4) The firms that were identified as ethical were not as profitable initially, but then showed a pattern of unprecedented profit increase when compared to the mix of companies included in the S P 500 index.
5) The firms that were identified as ethical were equally profitable on the whole to the mix of companies included in the S P 500 index.