Yo-yo dieting is all too common; after losing weight, about 80% of people regain every kilogram within a year or less. Then comes another diet, and another round of weight loss and gain. Although weight loss is associated with a rapid decline in metabolic markers of obesity (e.g., blood triglyceride levels), changes in the community of gut microbiota lag far behind in returning to that of lean people. How might the development of "microbiome-targeted approaches" help limit yo-yo dieting? Discuss the information you need to develop such a new approach to weight loss.