In the context of corporate finance, face value is:
a. A doctrine holding that certain legal consequences attach to an attempt by a corporation to carry out acts that are outside its lawful powers.
b. The amount that a corporation pays a bondholder at the bond's maturity.
c. The lawsuit brought on behalf of the corporation by a shareholder when the directors refuse to act.
d. The minimum number of shareholders needed to have a valid vote.
e. A situation where one person sits on the board of directors of two different companies.