A university administered a geometry test to a new batch of exchange students. All of the students received failing grades because they were unfamiliar with the language, English, that was used to administer the test. The test was designed to evaluate the students' knowledge of geometry but it reflected their knowledge and proficiency in English instead. This scenario is an example of _____.
A. Inter-item consistency
B. odd-even reliability
C. measurement error
D. transient error