"An important process of rewriting source texts is paraphrasing or restating a source text in one's own words with a credit to the original author. Commenting on the art of paraphrasing, D'Angelo (1979: 256) posits that the writer should "recast the passage into a freely formed version of the original" while preserving the essential meaning. To adress the question of how substantially the original wording should be modified to avoid plagiarism, keck (2006) defines substantial paraphrases as containing only general words related to the topic and that appear repeatedly in the source text, and Roig (1999) defines superficial paraphrasing as minor modifications (word substitution/deletion or rearrangement of sentence structures) containing an appropriate of five consecutive words or more from the source text. Most of the superficial paraphrase in student writing, as keck (2010) has noted, are based on a deletion/ addition/ substitution strategy to replace words with synonyms, add additional words, or deleted words in the borrowed string. Although superficial modifications, also called patchwriting (Howard, 1995), might constitute inappropriate textual borrowing even with an acknowledgement of the source, many L2 (second language) students take the risk of superficial paraphrasing because of lack of confidence in rephrasing source texts in their own words (e.g.,Abasi & Akbari, 2008). (Shi, 2012: 135). paraphrase this information for me please​