The changes (mutations) in the nucleotide DNA sequence affect the mRNA synthesized from such DNA sequence by the production of DIFFERENT CODONS.
During transcription of a gene (DNA) sequence, a fragment of DNA (i.e.. a gene) is used as a template to create a complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence.
Afterward, this mRNA is then used as a new template to produce a protein sequence by a process known as 'translation'.
The order of nucleotides in DNA sequence and subsequently the order of triplets of nucleotides or 'codons' in the mRNA sequence determines the order of amino acids in the resulting protein.
A mutation or change in the nucleotide sequence in DNA will invariably alter the mRNA codon that is generated from this DNA sequence.
However, different synonym mRNA codons encode the same amino acid, thereby a mutation in DNA does not necessarily always indicate the presence of a different amino acid in the resulting protein.
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