The atomic radius of the main group elements generally increases down the group because the principal quantum number of the valence orbital increases.
In a periodic table on moving down the group, the number of shells increases.
(a) With an increase in the shell, the effective nuclear charge to act at the outermost electron decreases.
(b) There is a decrease in the effective nuclear charge down the group, results in increased atomic radius.
(c) The effective nuclear charge linearly decreases down the group because there is a linear progression of shells.
(d) With an increase in the principal quantum number down the group, there has been less force acting on the outermost shell. This results in the increasing atomic radius down the group.
(e) The effective nuclear charge decreases down the group.
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