Katherine wants to investigate if the time of day a plant is watered affects the growth of the plant. She hypothesizes that a plant watered in the morning will grow faster than a plant watered at other times of the day. Identify the specific independent and dependent variables that will be involved in an experiment to test this hypothesis. List at least five variables that should be controlled during the experiment. For each variable identified, give a specific suggestion for how it can be controlled during the experiment

In an experiment, the aim of the researcher is to establish a cause and effect relationship. The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated. The dependent variable is also called the responding variable. It changes as the independent variable is manipulated.

Here, the independent variable is the time of watering the plants and the dependent variable is the rate of growth of the plants. This follows from the hypothesis which states that; "a plant watered in the morning will grow faster than a plant watered at other times of the day."

The control variables are variables that must be held constant during the experiment. Some of these are;

Type plants: Katherine must select the same type of plants for use in the study.

Amount of sunlight: Katherine must make sure that she exposes the plants to the same intensity of sunlight for equal length of time during the experiment.

Type of manure: The same type of manure must be applied to all the plants.

Amount of water: The same quantity of water should be supplied to each plant. A known volume of water must be supplied to each plant.

Source of water: Water must be obtained from the same tap or well during the experiment.

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