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Many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. Active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. This process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

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Answer:

Transport proteins and ATP

Explanation:

Transporting materials into a cell against a concentration gradient is active transport.

Transport proteins bind the materials to their active sites and release them the other side of the membrane.

However, it takes energy to move materials against a concentration gradient.

The cell uses the breakdown of ATP to provide the required energy.

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