Options B and C are effects of imperialism. Powerful and large "empires" such as the United States and Europe have controlled and ruled many regions of the world who had then been able to set free from those empires but not completely. The USA has controlled and governed Cuba, Puerto Rico and Guam for many years. Although these countries have declared as independent, the USA still has some economic and political influence over them.
Something very similar happens with Africa. Although Europe governed many regions of Africa, they had declared a different and independent nation.
These two big powers are an example of how imperialism has ruled our world for many years and it has left its roots.
