The correct matches are actually as they are placed in the question itself
1. political - kings and queens rule this type of region
Whenever we have rulers in question, including the kings and queens, we talk about politics. They are in charge of a country, and depending on their methods and ideology they can rule in many different ways.
2. physical - Cuba is an island nation
Cuba is an island nation, and that statement simply describes her physically. From the statement we get information that the country is in island, which is part of its physical geography, and a very important one.
3. economic - Trade agreements are typical
The trade agreements are typical in the modern world, especially after the globalization started to become dominant. Lots of countries or regions see benefit from each other's collaboration and support, thus they make agreements, mostly for trade, which help them to prosper.
4. cultural - Most of the people here speak French
The language is part of the culture, and it is actually one of the most important cultural traits, as it is one of the most noticeable things that defines a person. In this case, we have the French language, and as a nice example we can take Quebec, as it is part of Canada, an English speaking country, but Quebec is French speaking in general.
5. climate - A long growing season improves crop growth
A long growing season that improves the crop growth is defined by climate. The climate is the most important factor when it comes to length of the growing season and how good it is for the crops, and in this case we probably have a climate that is both warm, but also has solid amount of precipitation.
