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Horizontal gene transfer can occur through several mechanisms. Why is this relevant to humans?

A. Bacteria can divide quickly using binary fission.
B. Bacteria can exchange genes for resistance to antibiotics in this way.
C. Viruses can infect bacteria, inserting their genetic material into the bacterial DNA.
D. Bacteria are never beneficial to humans.

All animals are

A. autotrophs.
B. heterotrophs.
C. polytrophs.
D. biotrophs.

Species can vary in several ways. Which of the following is one of Darwin's ideas that was accepted by most scientists of his time due to the large number of fossils being discovered at that time?

A. Species vary around the world.
B. Species have specific adaptations to their local environment.
C. Species that live in seawater can also live on mountains.
D. Species change over long periods of time.

Dinoflagellates can perform photosynthesis and provide energy for themselves and for the coral that they live near. The coral provide protection to the dinoflagellates. This is an example of a

A. parasitic relationship.
B. commensalistic relationship.
C. mutualistic relationship.
D. dependent relationship.

Dinoflagellates can perform photosynthesis and provide energy for themselves and for the coral that they live near. The coral provide protection to the dinoflagellates. This is an example of a

A. parasitic relationship.
B. commensalistic relationship.
C. mutualistic relationship.
D. dependent relationship.

The idea that viruses originated as genetic material that was able to move within a genome, eventually exiting a cell and entering another is the _______ hypothesis.

A. coevolution
B. regressive
C. recessive
D. progressive

The wings of insects, birds, and bats evolved independently but carry out similar functions. This is an example of

A. analogous structures.
B. embryonic structures.
C. vestigial structures.
D. homologous structures.

B. Bacteria can exchange genes for resistance to antibiotics in this way. Bacteria can take up genetic material from other bacteria or the environment during a process called transformation. This is relevant to humans because we can modify bacterial ADN with a gene of our choice and due to this transformation process, other bacteria can take up this modified ADN.
B. All animals are heterotrophs. This means we can not produce food for ourselves inside our bodies. Instead, we have to consume it from another source in nature, for example, animal meat, fruits or vegetables.
B. Species have specific adaptations to their local environment. In Darwin's finches for example, he found out that very similar birds had different peaks and head shape. He wanted to find out why they were so different yet so similar. He found out that depending on the food source available on the environment, the birds had a particular shape of peaks and head so they can feed properly.This adaptations and changes allow the birds to survive in a particular local environment.
C. Mutualistic relationship. A mutualistic relationship is a biological interaction in which both organisms benefit. In this particular case, the Dinoflagellates provides energy to the coral and the coral protects the dinoflagellates against predators.
This question is the same as the 4th one.
C. recessive. The recessive hypothesis exposes that viruses were intracellular parasites that lost the required genes for replication and maintenance. So, they depend on host cells and their replication genes and processes to live.
A. Analogous structure. An analogous structure is a trait that has a similar role, but whose origin is different. In this particular case, the insects, birds, and bats have different origins and ancestors but they all evolve wings to fly.