Humans share several features with salamanders. Certain genes and proteins are nearly identical between the two species; both species have four limbs with a similar skeletal structure; the species' early embryos are similar; and where the salamander has a functional tail, humans have a vestigial tailbone. In evolutionary terms, these are examples of _______

Homology refers to the presence of similar or shared body structures, body parts, gene sequences, proteins, etc. among various lineages. It represents divergent evolution of these lineages from a common ancestor.

Presence of various similar structures in human and salamander reflects the fact that these two species have shared a common ancestor during their evolution. The shared ancestry between human and salamander led to the presence of various homologous body parts and identical gene sequences in them.