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Write the formulas of the compounds formed by NH4+ with the following anions: CN−, ClO3−, SO32−, H2PO4−. Express your answers as chemical formulas separated by commas. Use the given order of anions.

2)

Write the formulas of the compounds formed by Al3+ with the following anions: CN−, ClO3−, SO32−, H2PO4−.

Express your answers as chemical formulas separated by commas. Use the given order of anions.

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Answer:

  • NH₄CN,
  • NH₄ClO₃,
  • (NH₄)₂SO₃,
  • NH₄H₂PO₄.
  • Al(CN)₃,
  • Al(ClO₃)₃,
  • Al₃(SO₃)₃,
  • Al(H₂PO₄)₃.

Explanation:

Cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions) combine to form ionic compounds. The charge of each ion is stated as the superscript in its formula.

The final compounds should be neutral (not carrying charge.) For that to happen, the ions should combine at a ratio that allows their charges to balance.

By convention, in chemical formula of ionic compounds, cations are written before anions.

Example: Al³⁺ and SO₃²⁻

The charge on an Al³⁺ cation is +3. The charge on a SO₃²⁻ anion is -2.

Start by finding the least common multiple of the absolute value of the charges (drop the negative sign in front of the charge.)

[tex]\text{lcm}(3, 2) = 6[/tex].

The number of Al³⁺ ions in a formula unit of this compound will be equal to

[tex]\displaystyle \frac{\text{LCM of charges}}{\text{Charge on this ion (without sign)}} = \frac{6}{3} = 2[/tex].

Similarly, the number of SO₃²⁻ ions in a formula unit of this compound will be equal to

[tex]\displaystyle \frac{\text{LCM of charges}}{\text{Charge on this ion (without sign)}} = \frac{6}{2} = 3[/tex].

If a polyatomic ion (an ion with more than one atoms in it) appears more than once in the formula, enclose it in brackets and write the number of its occurrence outside the bracket.

[tex]\rm Al_2(SO_3)_3[/tex].

Apply this rule to find the formula of other compounds. Additionally, keep in mind that if the charge on the cation and the anion is the same, each should occur only once in the formula.

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The formula of the ionic compounds formed when ions combine depends on the magnitude of charge or valency on each of the combining ions.

For an ionic compound, the formula of the compound shows us the ratio of ions in a formula unit of the compound.

We must note that this formula is reflective of the magnitude of charges or valency carried by each of the ions in the formula.

With [tex]NH4^+[/tex], the compounds formed are as follows;

NH4CN, NH4ClO3, (NH4)2SO3, NH4H2PO4

With [tex]Al3^+[/tex] the compounds form are;

Al(CN)3, Al(ClO3)3, Al2(SO3)3, Al(H2PO4)3

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