I have 4 questions on which progressive or emphatic verb tenses are used.

1. Jake has been mowing the lawn for two hours now.
a) present progressive
b) past perfect progressive
c) past progressive
d) present perfect progressive

2. They had been camping in the area when the forest fire began.
a) present progressive
b) past perfect progressive
c) past progressive
d) present perfect progressive

3. Kalman had been sleeping throughout the memorable day.
a) present progressive
b) past perfect progressive
c) past progressive
d) present perfect progressive

4. As of next month, my best friend and I will have known each other for twelve years.
a) present progressive
b) past perfect progressive
c) past progressive
d) present perfect progressive

Explanation: It is about an action which started in the past and continues up to the present. Plus, the structure "subject+ auxiliary verb (has)+ verb to be in past participle (been)+ verb in gerund shows the verb tense that is being used.

2- b) past perfect progressive

Explanation: It is about an action which was already going on when a certain thing happened, "interrupting" it. Plus, the structure "subject+ auxiliary verb (had)+ verb to be in past participle (been)+ verb in gerund shows the verb tense that is being used.

3- b) past perfect progressive

Explanation: It is about an action which was already going on when a certain thing happened, "interrupting" it. Plus, the structure "subject+ auxiliary verb (had)+ verb to be in past participle (been)+ verb in gerund shows the verb tense that is being used.

4- none of the alternatives; it is a sentence in future perfect tense.

Explanation: it expresses the idea of something that will have been completed at a certain point in the future. Plus, the structure "subject+simple future of verb to have+ past participle of the main verb shows the verb tense that is being used.