Answer: D. The farther an island is from the mainland, the fewer the number of species found on the island.
Explanation: Island biogeography estimates the species richness on a new island using environmental factors. Species richness of an island is the number of different species inhabiting an island.
Islands that are far from mainlands have fewer species because the mainland is a source of new species which migrate to the islands to colonize them. Another factor that decides the number of species inhabiting an island is the island size.