If a student assesses the situation to determine how much time it will take to adequately study for the upcoming exam, this is an example of primary appraisal.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Primary appraisal is a process which is applied to interpret a meaning and assign meaning to the event. In this case, when a student determines the time taken to study for an exam, it is an appraisal which helps the student to identify the relevance of the exam and evaluates the upcoming exam.
This helps the student to react to the exam in a manner that is desired. When primary appraisal is done, the impact of the same can be known. In this case, the student would know how much time would be needed to study for the exam and thus would be able to plan the study schedule accordingly.