Answer:
A) Ali.
Explanation:
Shia Muslims believe that Muhammad divinely ordained his successor to be his cousin and son-in-law Ali.
Ali reigned during the First Fitna that occurred in 656–661, a civil war between supporters of Ali and supporters of the assassinated previous caliph, Uthman, from Banu Umayya, as well as rebels in Egypt; the war led to the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate under Muawiyah I in 661.
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