It prevents moving charges between plates
Explanation:
A capacitor consists of two metalling plates that are able to accumulate charge. When the capacitor is connected to a voltage source, the two plates start to accumulate electric charge (one plate positive, one plate negative). As a result, an electric field forms in the gap between the two plates.
In order to keep this electric field in place, the charges should not cross the gap between the two plates (otherwise, the positive and negative charges will recombine together, and there will be no electric field).
For this reason, the space between the two plates is filled with an insulator. Generally, this insulator can be simply air; however, it can be another material also.
The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor is given by:
[tex]C=\frac{k \epsilon_0 A}{d}[/tex]
where
[tex]\epsilon_0[/tex] is the vacuum permittivity
A is the area of the plates
d is the separation between the plates
k is the dielectric constant of the insulator between the plates: the higher this value, the stronger the field between the plates, the more charge the capacitor can store on its plates.
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