The passages mentioned are not listed in the question. I will give a clear distinction between arguments and explanations, the knowledge of this will help in providing answers to the question.
An explanation is an attempt to provide a cause or reason for a conclusion. It helps to provide reasons why a conclusion is made.
For example in the conclusion, "John will fail his exam", the writer can give a simple explanation to support his claim.
"The reason why i believe John will fail his exam is that he has not prepared well enough for it." is a simple explanation to support the above conclusion.
An argument is an attempt to provide an evidence in support of a conclusion.
This is done when the response of your audience is that of doubt an unbelief.
