Answer:
Explanation:
Ionization energy is the least energy needed to remove the most loosely bound electrons in an atom. Ionization energy increases across the periodic table and decrease down the group as expected because of increase in number of shell, which increases atomic radius.
As seen in the ionization energy table (check periodic table for ionization energy) there are few exceptions.
The ionization energy of group III elements is lower than that of group II and that of group VI is lower than that of group V.
In the first ionization energy, the ionization energy of Boron is lower than that of Beryllium and that if Oxygen is lower than that of Nitrogen.
This is because the 2S² outermost sublevel of beryllium is full while the 2P¹ outermost sublevel of Boron is almost empty. Less ionization energy will be required to remove the one electron in the outermost 2P sublevel.
Nitrogen has a higher ionization energy than oxygen because the outermost 2P sublevel is half filled.
The exceptions to the general periodic trend in first ionization energy within a period lie between beryllium and boron then nitrogen and oxygen.
In the periodic table, the general trend of ionization energy is that it increases across the period and decreases down the group. However, there are some exceptions to this general trend.
Between beryllium and boron, we notice that there is a decrease in ionization energy. This is because beryllium has electron configuration 1s2 2s2 while boron has electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p1. More energy is required to remove an electron from beryllium because of the extra stability associated with fully filled orbitals. This is the reason why the ionization energy of beryllium is greater than that of boron.
In the case of nitrogen and oxygen; nitrogen has electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p3 while oxygen has electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p4. The extra stability associated with half filled orbitals makes it difficult to remove an electron from nitrogen hence it has a higher ionization energy than oxygen.
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