An antinode must occur at B, the open end of the pipe
Explanation:
For the standing waves produced in a pipe, open and closed ends reflect waves in a different way, so their behaviour is different. In particular:
- A closed end acts as a node (because there is no vibration of the wave)
- An open end acts as an antinode (maximum vibration of the wave)
This means that for the pipe in this problem:
A (the closed end on the right) must act as a node of the standing wave
B (the open end on the left) must act as an antinode of the standing wave
Therefore the correct answer in this problem is that an antinode must occur
at B, the open end of the pipe
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