Answer:
Anabolic processes are endothermic - where does the energy and raw materials come from to synthesize the major constituents of a cell? Pick a specific anabolic pathway, carry out some background research and describe the necessary inputs, the major reaction steps and the resulting cellular products. How ubiquitous is this pathway? Are the intermediates used in any other processes?
Where does the energy and raw materials come from to synthesize the major constituent of a cell?
Energy comes from the oxidation of glucose to produce acetyl co enzyme A and further oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle or the citric acid cycle which generate NADH and FADH2 which can inturn be used by the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to generate ATP.
ATP- is a complex organic chemical that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells
Gluconeogenesis; Is the metabolic pathway that result in the generation of glucose from certain non carbohydrate carbon substrate. this substrate include glucogenic amino acids, they include glycerol, they also include pyruvate and lactate
Reaction steps; for reaction steps check the attached gluconeogenesis pathway below.
The resulting cellular product is glucose
How Ubiquitous is the pathway? Gluconeogenesis is a ubiquitous process present in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. and this tend to be a continuous process
Are the Intermediates used in any other processes? yes they are e.g glycerol is used in fatty acid synthesis and it is also a precursor for gluconeogenesis
Explanation:
In humans the main gluconeogenic precursors are lactate, glycerol, alanine and gluthamine. altogether they account for over 90% of the overall gluconeogenesis. other glucogenic amino acids as well as citric acid cycle intermediates, the latter through conversion to oxaloacetate can also function as substrate for gluconeogenesis. in ruminants propionate is the principal gluconeogenic substrate. generally consumption of gluconeogenic substrate in food does not result in increased gluconeogenesis.
