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This very simplified overview of the fields that flow together to form the basis of bioengineering helps us identify some of the fundamental ethical issues in bioengineering. These are issues that concern, again, the domain and focus of bioengineering, the views of nature that govern the activities of bioengineering, the impacts of bioengineering, its limits, risks and safety factors, the question of activism, and that of intellectual responsibility. Starting with the domain, a first issue is whether the ethical responsibility of bioengineering should be exclusively human-centric or could be extended to a broader bio-centric domain. The issue of animal experimentation, for instance, evolves around this question. Should bioengineers be concerned exclusively with the health of humans, or should they have a broader responsibility over all life forms?

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