Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class. In the study, the researcher made the claim that a majority of middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem. Clarissa questions the study, saying, "I am not sure that I am convinced—I am not sure you can really measure being bullied." Quinn also questions the study, saying, "Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students." Manish also is curious about the study, asking, "I wonder how strong the relationship is between bullying and self-esteem. Could you predict one from the other?"

Manish’s concern is addressing which of the following?

a. The study’s external validity
b. The study’s construct validity
c. The study’s internal validity
d. The study’s statistical validity

Statistical validity: In psychology, the term "statistical validity" is defined as the degree to which a particular conclusion that has been drawn or made through a "statistical test" are considered as reliable as well as accurate. In order to get the statistical validity, an experimenter or the researcher should have had an adequate or accurate "sample size" and therefore must take the correct statistical test to examine the given data.

In the question above, Manish’s concern is addressing the study's statistical validity.