The brain dysfunction where blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel, is called ________.

Stroke (or cerebrovascular accident [CVA]) is defined as the sudden occurrence of a focal, nonconvulsive neurologic deficit. Interruption of blood flow results in cell death. The presentation is variable, ranging from subtle to very severe, depending on the area of the brain involved and the nature of the attack. Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and the leading cause of adult disability, with 15 million people affected worldwide every year.[1] The substantial socioeconomic burden imposed by stroke makes effective and urgent treatment important.

Stroke is broadly classified into two types:

ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke accounts for 80-85% cases and commonly results from occlusion of the lumina of the cerebral vessels by a thrombus or embolus. Apart from thromboembolism, systemic hemodynamic failure can also result in ischemic stroke as a consequence of a decreased volume of blood flowing through the cerebral vessels.

Hemorrhagic stroke, seen in 15-20% of cases, typically results from rupture of a cerebral vessel. It is further classified into two subtypes—intracerebral and subarachnoid—depending on the site of blood leakage.

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Answer:

CVA (stroke) Cerebrovascular Accident

Explanation:

Cerebrovascular disease refers to a group of conditions,

diseases, and disorders that affect the blood vessels and blood

supply to the brain.

If a blockage, malformation, or hemorrhage prevents the brain cells from

getting enough oxygen, brain damage can result.

Cerebrovascular disease can develop from a variety of causes, including

atherosclerosis , where the arteries become narrow; thrombosis, or embolic

arterial blood clot, which is a blood clot in an artery of the brain; or

cerebral venous thrombosis, which is a blood clot in a vein of the brain.

Cerebrovascular diseases include stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA),

aneurysm , and vascular malformation.