Explanation:
there are two or more alleles on a gene.
each allele might affect the phenotype/characteristic of the organisms like the hair color,
to determine what is the phenotype of that organism is, we have to take a look on the different alleles.(like S and s in the question)
if both of the alleles are the same, i.e. SS, this situation is called the homozygous
if they are of the different alleles, i.e. Ss, this situation is called the heterozygous
when heterozygous situation, the phenotype is determined by the dominant allele S but not the recessive allele s. in the question, if theres at least one allele S, the organism is more likely to hv the disease.
it is noted that the dominant allele is usually represented by the capital letter (e.g. A B C..etc) while the small letter represents recessive allele in the questions.
codominant is like the blood type Ia and Ib, they are both dominant allele and thats why we have blood type AB
so, in question 2, the ans should be A, showing both colours
because when in codominant situation, phenotype exhibits both characteristics at the same time