In the South, the governments resisted giving full ownership of land to freed slaves. Many blacks had to become sharecroppers on the plantations where they had previously been slaves.
The primary effects were that the union was preserved and that slavery was abolished. There has also been lingering resentment by those who think that the Confederacy had the right to secede and that the North was overly violent in preventing that secession. The whole history of the civil rights movement, the Ku Klux Klan, and many other social phenomena have been influenced strongly by the Civil War. Hopes this helps ^_^
