From a single fertilized ovum undergoing a series of rapid cell divisions, a human infant develops. The embryonic cells become specialized for a variety of functions. Which of these statements best describes how different cell types develop?
A. Each cell type contains only the active parts of the DNA needed for that cell type.
B. Each cell has multiple copies of DNA that are affected in different ways by the environment to change the function of the cell at regular intervals.
C. Each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific genes, leading to a variety of cells.
D. Each cell type has only one chromosome containing thr DNA needed for that cell type.

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Answer:

Answer is C

Explanation:

Each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific genes leading to a variety of cells

The statements 'each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific genes, leading to a variety of cells' BEST describes how different cell types develop (Option C).

  • Epigenetics refers to any change in gene expression that does not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence.

  • In an organism, all somatic cells are genetically identical, thereby changes in gene expression are due to epigenetic modifications.

  • These epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation and histone modifications (e.g., histone acetylation, histone methylation, etc).

  • Enzymes that add specific epigenetic marks such as histone acetyltransferases alter the accessibility of transcription factors to chromatin, thereby activating or repressing gene expression.

In conclusion, the statements 'each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific genes, leading to a variety of cells' BEST describes how different cell types develop (Option C).

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