What is the effect of the use of aphorisms in Thomas Paine's The American Crisis?

A. The aphorisms reflect the confusion of the colonists in a difficult time during the Revolutionary War.
B. The aphorisms show that the writer is knowledgeable about the past.
C. The aphorisms indicate that the writer is more focused on appealing to pathos than to ethos.
D. The aphorisms engage the audience in the writer's message.