A group of students decided to carry out an Investigation to find out how enzyme
activity is affected by temperature changes. They put samples of salivary amylase and
starch into two test tubes. Salivary amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch
into maltose. Its optimum temperature for activity is around 37°C.
A. What do you think happened to the rate of reaction of the enzyme when the students had the
1st test tube at 37 degrees?
B. What do you think happened to the rate of reaction of the enzyme when the students had the
2nd test tube at 0 degrees? At 60 degrees
I

Enzymes are biological catalysts and are quite temperature specific. They operate optimally within a certain range of temperature. At lower temperatures, their activities decrease and they become inactive at extremely low temperatures. At higher temperatures, their activities are initially promoted but as temperatures get higher, their activities become zero due to the fact that they become denatured.

A. The optimum temperature for amylase activity is 37[tex]^oC[/tex], hence, when the student had the first test tube at this temperature, the rate of reaction of the enzyme is optimal. The maximum amount of starch would be broken down into maltose.

B. At 0 degrees, the enzyme would become inactive and the rate of reaction becomes minimal or even zero due to the inactivity of the enzyme. At 60 degrees, the rate of reaction also becomes zero because the enzyme would have been denatured by the high temperature.

marianaegarciaperedo marianaegarciaperedo · Answer 2 · 2021-11-16T20:49:54+01:00

Enzymes depends on temperature to accomplish their functions and express the highest rate of reaction. A) 37ºC ⇒ maximum rate of reaction. B) 0ºC ⇒ low or null rate of reaction. C) 60ºC ⇒ null rate of reaction.

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Enzymes, like all proteins, are polypeptidic molecules. They need to get an accurate tridimensional structure to accomplish their function.

There is a limited temperature and pH level at which they lose that structure and denaturalize.

In general, the increase in temperature accelerates chemical reactions. For every 10ºC of temperature increase, the reaction velocity duplicates.

The temperature at which the enzymatic activity is the highest is known as optimum temperature.

⇒ When the environmental temperature is lower than the optimum, there is a slow enzymatic activity.

⇒ When the temperature exceeds the optimum point, the enzymatic activity sharply decreases.

Hight temperature denaturalizes the enzyme.

Over the optimum temperature level, the reaction velocity is counteracted by the loss of the catalytic activity due to denaturalization.

Enzymatic activity decreases until it completely annulates.

According to this information, under the stated situations, we expect to see

A). 1st Test tube at 37 degrees

The enzyme can express its maximum rate of reaction because it is under the optimum temperature.

The enzyme activity is the highest.

B). 2nd Test tube at 0ºC

Low rate of reaction because the temperature is lower than the optimum one.

Products are being produced but at a lower rate because the enzymatic activity is low or null.

The enzyme has not reached its highest activity rate yet.

C). 2nd Test tube at 60ºC

Low rate of reaction because the temperature exceeded the optimum one.

At 60ºC the enzyme suffers denaturalization, and it can not accomplish its functions.

The enzymatic activity is null.

The attached graph shows

an increase in the rate of reaction from near zero to a maximum rate of reaction -at 37°C-.

37°C is the optimum temperature at which the enzymatic activity is the highest.

From 37°C to 60ºC there is a sharp decrease in the enzyme activity due to the protein denaturalization.

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