(100 POINTS)I have a total of 5 questions I need so I'll just put them all here, you don't need to answer all of them if you don't know a few. Thanks!

1. Identifying the question

Evaluate the extent of change in the size and scope of the federal government from 1860–1877.

Consider the above prompt. What limitations does the prompt place on the writer, and what choices can the writer make? (5 points)

2. Writing an acceptable thesis

Evaluate the extent of change in the size and scope of the federal government from 1860–1877.

Draft an initial thesis in response to the prompt. Then explain why this prompt meets essay requirements. (10 points)

3. Reviewing historical documents

Source: President Jefferson Davis, message to the Confederate Congress (April 29, 1861)

"It was by the delegates chosen by the several States . . . that the Constitution of the United States was framed in 1787 and submitted to the several States for ratification. . . . [These] States endeavored in every possible form to exclude the idea that the separate and independent sovereignty of each State was merged into one common government and nation, and . . . to impress on the Constitution its true character—that of a compact between independent States.

". . . Amendments were added to the Constitution placing beyond any pretense of doubt the reservation by the States of all their sovereign rights and powers not expressly delegated to the United States by the Constitution.

"Strange, indeed, . . . [the Constitution has] proved unavailing to prevent the rise and growth in the Northern States of a political school which has persistently claimed that the government thus formed was not a compact between States, but was in effect national government, set up above and over the States."

What are the four components of the HIPP strategy for analyzing sources? Model the strategy by analyzing the above document using these four qualities. (10 points)

4. Connecting to a larger context

Source: President James Buchanan, fourth annual message to Congress (December 3, 1860)

". . . All for which the slave States have ever contended, is to be let alone and permitted to manage their domestic institutions in their own way. As sovereign States, they, and they alone, are responsible before God and the world for the slavery existing among them. . . .

"The Southern States, standing on the basis of the Constitution, have a right to demand this act of justice from the States of the North. Should it be refused, then the Constitution, to which all the States are parties, will have been willfully violated by one portion of them in a provision essential to the domestic security and happiness of the remainder. In that event the injured States, after having first used all peaceful and constitutional means to obtain redress, would be justified in revolutionary resistance to the Government of the Union. . . ."

Write a short paragraph that connects this excerpt from document 2 to its larger historical context during the era in question. After your paragraph, explain how you are meeting the essay’s requirements for contextualization. (5 points)

5. Demonstrating a complex understanding

Identify two ways of demonstrating a complex understanding of the argument. Then explain which method you are using to earn this point. (1 point)

1.Throughout the time period from 1860 to 1877, the federal government changed greatly in size and scope. Some of these alterations included people in the political party, new laws and debts. These all vary in the extent to which they affected the government. Some were quite simple while others were very extreme. Even though not all these changes were extreme, they still shaped the way the federal government worked. To this day, these changes have affected the way the federal government. One of the main alterations to the federal government was the people thatparticipated in the political party. There were many reasons why the political partychanged in size. The main reason is the opinion of the people on the government. This led to many more additions as well as subtractions in the population of said party. It can be seen throughout Document 2 that President James Buchanan holds the Slave Statesacountable for the slavery around them. Apart from this, Buchanan gives a question to

2. “Overall the debate of slavery had a

tremendous impact on causing the Civil War

as sectionalism and debates over state’s

rights arised.”

• “Although tangential debates over issues

such as state vs. federal power may have

contributed to the divide between the North

and the South and thus the outlook of the

Civil War, the primary cause of the Civil War

was the tension over slavery.”

• “Throughout the mid-1800s, debates rose on

the institution of slavery which eventually

led to the Civil War: social arguments were

made such as whites were superior to

blacks; the south argued that slaves were

economically beneficial due to the stable

labor force; and most importantly, political

divisions between the North and the South

greatly caused the Civil War.”

3.Gentlemen of the Congress: It is my pleasing duty to announce to you that the Constitution framed for the establishment of a permanent Government for the Confederate States has been ratified by conventions in each of those States to which it was re-ferred. To inaugurate the Government in its full proportions and upon its own substantial basis of the popular will, it only remains that elections should be held for the designation of the officers to administer it. There is every reason to believe that at no distant day other States, identified in political principles and community of interests with those which you represent, will join this Confederacy, giving to its typical constellation increased splendor, to its Government of free, equal, and sovereign States a wider sphere of usefulness, and to the friends of constitutional liberty a greater security for its harmonious and perpetual existence. It was not, however, for the purpose of making this announcement that I have deemed it my duty to convoke you at an earlier day than that fixed by yourselves for your meeting. The declaration of war made against this Confederacy by Abraham Lincoln, the President of the United States, in his proclamation issued on the 15th day of the present month, rendered it necessary, in my judgment, that you should convene at the earliest practicable moment to devise the measures necessary for the defense of the country. The occasion is indeed an extraordinary one. It justifies me in a brief

4.roughout the year since our last meeting the country has been eminently prosperous in all its material interests. The general health has been excellent, our harvests have been abundant, and plenty smiles throughout the laud. Our commerce and manufactures have been prosecuted with energy and industry, and have yielded fair and ample returns. In short, no nation in the tide of time has ever presented a spectacle of greater material prosperity than we have done until within a very recent period.

Why is it, then, that discontent now so extensively prevails, and the Union of the States, which is the source of all these blessings, is threatened with destruction?

5.xamples:

● “In the period 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E. rising empires

encouraged an increase in trade both within and

across world regions in a variety of ways such as by

providing peace and security, developing roads and

markets, and issuing currencies.” (Responds to the

prompt with an evaluative claim that establishes a line

of reasoning.)

● “Empires in this period increased trade by providing

security across their territories.” (Responds to the

prompt with a minimally acceptable claim that

establishes a line of reasoning.)

B: Contextualization

(0–1)

Contextualization: Describes a broader

historical context relevant to the

prompt. (1 point)