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Explanation:
Roller coasters are almost entirely driven by different forces of inertia, gravity, and centripetal. The physics of a roller coaster also involves work, energy, friction, inertia, and air resistance. A roller coaster usually begins with a mechanical device, such as a chain and motor, which exerts a force on the car trains to lift them to the top of the hill. At this point, gravity takes over and the duration of the ride undergoes energy transformation.
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. It is the work needed to accelerate a body of mass from rest to a given velocity. Kinetic energy is gained when an object accelerates, and the body maintains this energy until its speed changes. The equation for kinetic energy is KE= ½ mv2, where “m” is the mass of the object and “v” is the velocity. As the roller coaster descends, it is accelerating, creating kinetic energy. The kinetic energy is the largest at the bottom of the first hill. The energy of the roller coaster cars will continue to change from potential to kinetic energy, and vice versa, as the cars ascend and descend the hills. Due to frictional losses, the total energy only decreases throughout the ride; therefore, the maximum hill the cars can climb gets smaller and smaller (Harris, 2007). The energy built up from the first hill has to be enough to take the cars to the end of the ride.
