Correct answer: c) Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox
Context/details:
As reported by the BBC on religions: "Although initially the Eastern and Western Christians shared the same faith, the two traditions began to divide after the seventh Ecumenical Council in 787 CE." The beginnings of the division can be seen already by the beginning of that century.
Ultimately, in 1054 CE, the two halves of the church broke from one another completely. In that year there were mutual declarations of excommunication between the pope (in Rome) and the patriarch (in Constantinople) that resulted in what is known as "The Great Schism" -- a monumental split between the western church (the Roman Catholic Church and what has become known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. "Catholic" means universal -- the Roman pope was intent on asserting his leadership over all of Christendom. "Orthodox" means "right teaching." The Eastern patriarch and church were asserting their teachings to be right over against positions held in the West. There were a number of doctrinal issues debated hotly between East and West over the centuries leading up to final break between the two halves of the church. But more than anything, the split came down to "church power" -- who held control over the church.
