Answer:
Mechanization of the manufacturing process led to the Industrial Revolution which gave rise to two major competing economic systems (capitalism and socialism). Under socialism, the means of production is commonly owned, and part or all of the economy is centrally controlled by the government.
The transition from an agricultural to an industrial society created a drastic impact as there was a shift from the majority of farmers to the majority of urban workers. This gave rise to socialism and communism.
The industrial revolution came between the years 1820 and 1840 in the country of the US, Europe, and Great Britain.
After the industrial revolution, the work was started on machines creating more capital-intensive techniques which reduces the involvement of farmers was a big transition that leads to the emergence of socialism and communism.
As the peasants were distressed due to the transition which resulted in the emergence of many socialist movements, like the October revolution. Communism was a society with no class and no state classifications and owned by a dictator.
Therefore, socialism and communism have emerged due to the transition from an agricultural society to an industrial one.
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