A central contrast presented in the passage is that between anticipated and actual instances of language change Answer A: anticipated and actual instances of language change A random and novel ways of directing future language changes Answer B: random and novel ways of directing future language changes B philosophical and psychological analyses of language use Answer C: philosophical and psychological analyses of language use C parochial and international approaches to changes in various languages Answer D: parochial and international approaches to changes in various languages D immediate and long-term views of language changes