Excessive nutrients from fertilizer in runoff often cause excessive growth of which can lead to the creation of dead zones in aquatic ecosystems is known as eutrophication.
This nutrient overload give rise to dense growth of algae, water hyacinth. and Cyanobacteria. When the algae die out, their decomposition by aerobic bacteria (oxygen presence) depletes dissolved oxygen in the surface layer of water near the shore and in the bottom layer.
What is biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)?
The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is defined as the amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by biological organisms when they decompose organic matter in water.
This oxygen depletion may kill fish and other aquatic animals. If excess nutrients continue to enters into lake, then anaerobic bacteria take over and produce gaseous decomposition products such as smelly, highly toxic hydrogen sulfide and other flammable methane gases.
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