The empirical formula is the simplest formula of a chemical compound.
To find the empirical formula, we take the following steps;
- Divide the percentage by mass of each element by its relative atomic mass.
- Divide the quotient of each by the lowest value obtained instep 1 above
- Write the result of step 2 above as the subscript following each atom.
1) O - 88.10/16, H - 11.190/1
O - 5.5, H - 11.19
O - 5.5/5.5, H - 11.19/5.5
O - 1, H - 2
Empirical formula = OH2
2) C - 41.368/12 H - 8.101/1, N - 32.162/14, O - 18.369/16
C - 3, H - 8, N - 2, O - 1
C - 3/1, H - 8/1 N - 2/1 O - 1/1
C - 3, H - 8, N - 2, O - 1
Empirical formula = C3H8N2O
To obtain the molecular formula where n = number of atoms of each element;
Molecular weight = 174.204 g/mol
[ 3(12) + 8(1) + 2(14) + 16]n = 174
n= 174/88
n = 2 (to the nearest whole number)
Hence, we have;
[C3H8N2O]2
The molecular formula is C6H16N4O2
3) C - 19.999/12, H - 6.713/1, N - 46.646/14, O - 26.641/16
C - 2, H - 7, N - 3, O - 2
C - 2/2, H - 7/2, N - 3/2, O - 2/2
C - 1, H - 4, N - 2, O - 1
Empirical formula - CH4N2O
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