The conditions mentioned are both a type of sclerosis, which refers to the hardening of a certain anatomical feature.
In atherosclerosis, the affected anatomical feature is the artery. This is a condition that causes the obstructions of blood flow through the artery as a result of plaque buildup along the artery walls. Unlike with MS, atherosclerosis does not present symptoms until the obstructions are severe or the plaque loosens, which can lead to heart attacks, among other consequences.
In the case of Multiple Sclerosis, the affected anatomical structure is that of the nerve. This is a condition for unknown reasons, causes the immune system to attack the myelin covers of nerve cells which act to protect the cell. The absence of this cover causes the build-up of plaque along the nerve axon, stiffening and disrupting the communication of the nerves with the central nervous system.
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