The equation; NH3(aq) + H3O^+(aq) ⇄ NH4^+(aq) + H2O(l) and NH4^+(aq) + OH^- ⇄ NH3(aq) + H2O(l) show how a buffer solution containing NH3 and NH4^+ mitigates against changes in acidity or alkalinity.
A buffer is a solution that mitigates against changes in acidity and alkalinity. A buffer solution is usually composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.
In this case, NH3 is a weak base and NH4^+ is its conjugate acid.
When an acid is added to the system;
NH3(aq) + H3O^+(aq) ⇄ NH4^+(aq) + H2O(l)
When a base is added;
NH4^+(aq) + OH^- ⇄ NH3(aq) + H2O(l)
By so doing, the solution mitigates against changes in acidity and alkalinity.
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