The Islamic religion has Prophet Muhammad as its founder and it spread in the Middle East and was heavily propagated through trading as rich Muslim traders got many converts by giving them discounts during the trade in the Silk Road and making them converts.
Another way Islam spread was through Jihad, called Holy Wars through the city of Medina and Mecca where they invaded towns and conquered them and turned them to Islamic states.
Please note that your question is incomplete so I gave you a general overview about Islam and how the religion was spread.
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