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In one to two sentences, explain how to compare the strength of electrostatic forces between molecules in salt water to the strength of electrostatic forces between molecules in freshwater. Include a description of the data to be collected and how that data would allow one to draw conclusions about the relative strengths of the electrostatic forces in the two substances.

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Answer:

-Salts are composed of ions that form a tightly packed and ordered network, which is called a crystal lattice, and it is held together by ionic bonds.

Explanation: salts are ionic compounds, which are composed by oppositely charged ions (cations and anions) which are bonded each other by ionic bonds, in an ordered arrangement, often a crystalline solid.

-When a salt is added to a polar solvent like water, the ions interact with the solvent molecules via ion-dipole forces, which overcome the forces originally holding the ions together.

Explanation: the molecules of a polar solvent are dipoles because they have dipolar momentum (a difference in charge due to a electronegativiy difference). When a salt is dissolved in a polar solvent, it dissociates in ions. So, the resulting interactions between these species are ion-dipole forces.

-The ions are then isolated and stabilized in solution via these interactions, and when this occurs for most of the salt compound, it is considered soluble in that solvent.

Explanation: the ions in solution are surrounded by solvent molecules which stabilizes them. A salt which is enterely dissolved in a solvent is soluble in that solvent.

-Due to the nature of the interaction between ions and solvent molecules, a concentration of ions can be dissolved higher in water than in alcohol.

Explanation: water molecules have unique properties that make water an universal solvent. Due to these properties and its polarity, water can dissolve larger quantities of salt than other polar solvents such as alcohol.

The electrostatic force in water without salt  is stronger as compared to the  water due to the presence of free electrons.

  • In water hydrogen bonding is present that is the only kind of  electrostatic force present in the water.
  • In water containing salt sodium and chloride ions are present which conduct strong electrostatic force.
  • A static meter is ideal for measuring the  of liquids. It measures the charge on the liquid.
  • Hence, the electrostatic force in salt water is stronger as compared to the  water due to the presence of free electrons.

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