What was the idea that the Earth was the center of the solar system called, and why was this originally the common belief about our solar system?

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Answer:

geocentrism. Geocentrism was an accepted truth until the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus came along. In 1543, Copernicus proved through his observations and mathematical calculations that the earth actually revolved around the sun. This view is called heliocentrism.

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