A Priest derives their authority from the scripture and occupational position in a formally organized religious institution, while a Prophet derives their authority from their direct connection to the divine and ability to convince others through charisma.
A religious institution is institutions that exist to help manage the practice of a specific set of religious beliefs. They use either the Bible or Quran or any other Holy book to help their members get closer to a divine being and help them mold their lives according to their beliefs.
In a religious Institution, the priest get their authority from the scriptures and the prophets get their authority from direct connection to the divine being.
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