Self-reliance is an essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson that uses many rhetorical devices. In the excerpt, Emerson uses irony for the unjustified decision made against Brown.
Irony is a rhetorical feature that conveys the exact opposite meaning of the actual expression. It contrasts reality with expectations. It can be used in sentences to contradict the actual statement.
In the excerpt, Emerson uses irony in reference to the Governor who is forced to hang Brown that also thinks that Brown is honest and courageous.
Therefore, option D. he uses irony as the rhetorical device.
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