During the last two centuries, scientific study of man's surroundings and experiences has been commonly
accepted as the desirable way to determine the truth or falsity of statements, opinions, or beliefs.
During past centuries, however, authority rather than science was trusted. The expressed opinion of individuals
and written statements in approved documents were frequently accepted and taught as oracles of truth. Those
questioning the accuracy or validity of these opinions were in grave danger. Many persons, later recognized as
leading contributors to the progress of mankind, have suffered torture, imprisonment, and even death because they
dared to question imposed beliefs or opinions which are demonstrably false.
The scientific method emphasizes the inductive approach to the solution of problems. The inductive method is
characterized by observation, measurement, definition, classification, and the formulation of conclusions on the
basis of objective evidence.
On the other hand, authoritarianism utilizes the deductive method, namely, reasoning from a major premise to a
conclusion, without necessarily expressing all the elements involved in the final statement or opinion.
Today, authority and the scientific method are often harmonized. The major premises of an authority may be
based on scientific studies which have produced functional theories. Therefore, deductions which use these
theories as major premises and adhere strictly to the principles of logic are more effective in this scientific age.

According to this article, the method used by scientists is
deductive
eclectic
inductive
rational

The scientific method chiefly involves
authoritarian rules
intuitive evaluation
objective evidence
written opinions

The word "authority" in the second paragraph means
accepted principles
inductively determined conclusion
recognized expert
scientific system