Respuesta :
Fermentation of lactic acid occurs when cells make ATP without having a supply of oxygen.
Oxygen abundance permits aerobic respiration to proceed. This permits glucose to be totally oxidized to produce an abundance of energy. In contrast, when oxygen is low, cells switch to a significantly less efficient type of energy production. This process is called anaerobic respiration.
Glycolysis is the first step in the fermentation process, but fermentation does not involve the second and third stages of aerobic cellular respiration (the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation). Glycolysis results in the production of two additional ATP molecules on top of the reduction of two NAD+ electron carriers into two NADH molecules. It is important that NADH be oxidized once more so that glycolysis may proceed and cells can keep producing two copies of ATP. Due to the absence of oxygen, the cells are unable to undergo oxidative phosphorylation, which prevents them from producing more than two ATP during the fermentation process.
There are two different kinds of fermentation: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. Only the fermentation of lactic acid can take place within our cells. The pyruvate produced by glycolysis is converted to lactic acid in the process of lactic acid fermentation in the absence of oxygen.
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