In a theoretical encryption system with an n bit key, "2^n-1" keys must be tried on average to have a successful brute force attack.
The process of converting information into a secret code that conceals its real meaning is known as encryption. Cryptography is the study of information encryption and decryption. In the world of computers, ciphertext refers to encrypted data and plaintext to unencrypted data.
A brute force attack in cryptography entails the attacker providing several passwords or passphrases in the hopes that one will finally be successfully deciphered. All potential passwords and passphrases are thoroughly checked by the attacker until the right one is discovered.
Longer keys for symmetric cyphers defend against brute force attacks. The number of potential keys doubles for every additional bit in the key, doubling the amount of effort a brute force assault must perform.
There are 2^n potential keys for an n-bit key. In order to identify the key, a brute force assault typically has to try half of them by doing 2^n-1 encryptions. Any attempt at brute force is completely impracticable with a large enough key.
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